HTML,
an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language
for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based
information in a document — by denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs,
lists, and so on — and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded
images, and other objects. HTML is written in the form of labels (known as
tags), surrounded by angle brackets. HTML can also describe, to some degree,
the appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded scripting
language code which can affect the behavior of web browsers and other HTML
processors.
HTML
is also often used to refer to content of the MIME type text/html or even more
broadly as a generic term for HTML whether in its XML-descended form (such as
XHTML 1.0 and later) or its form descended directly from SGML
Hyper Text Markup
Language
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML), the languages of the World Wide Web (WWW), allows users to produces Web
pages that include text, graphics and pointer to other Web pages (Hyperlinks).
HTML is not a programming
language but it is an application of ISO Standard 8879, SGML (Standard
Generalized Markup Language), but specialized to hypertext and adapted to the
Web. The idea behind Hypertext is that instead of reading text in rigid linear
structure, we can easily jump from one point to another point. We can navigate
through the information based on our interest and preference. A markup language
is simply a series of elements, each delimited with special characters that
define how text or other items enclosed within the elements should be
displayed. Hyperlinks are underlined or emphasized works that load to other
documents or some portions of the same document.
HTML can be used to display
any type of document on the host computer, which can be geographically at a
different location. It is a versatile language and can be used on any platform
or desktop.
HTML provides tags (special
codes) to make the document look attractive. HTML tags are not case-sensitive.
Using graphics, fonts, different sizes, color, etc., can enhance the
presentation of the document. Anything that is not a tag is part of the
document itself.
Basic HTML Tags:
<! --
--> specifies
comments
<A>……….</A> Creates hypertext links
<B>……….</B> Formats text as bold
<BIG>……….</BIG> Formats
text in large font.
<BODY>…</BODY> Contains
all tags and text in the HTML document
<CENTER>...</CENTER> Creates text
<DD>…</DD> Definition of a term
<DL>...</DL> Creates definition list
<FONT>…</FONT> Formats
text with a particular font
<FORM>...</FORM> Encloses a fill-out form
<FRAME>...</FRAME> Defines
a particular frame in a set of frames
<H#>…</H#> Creates headings of different levels( 1 – 6
)
<HEAD>...</HEAD> Contains
tags that specify information about a document
<HR>...</HR> Creates a horizontal rule
<HTML>…</HTML> Contains
all other HTML tags
<META>...</META> Provides meta-information about
a document
<SCRIPT>…</SCRIPT> Contains
client-side or server-side script
<TABLE>…</TABLE> Creates
a table
<TD>…</TD> Indicates table data in a table
<TR>…</TR> Designates a table row
<TH>…</TH> Creates a heading in a table
Attributes
The
attributes of an element are name-value pairs, separated by "=", and
written within the start label of an element, after the element's name. The
value should be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting
of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML).Leaving
attribute values unquoted is considered unsafe.
Most
elements take any of several common attributes: id, class, style and title.
Most also take language-related attributes: lang and dir.
The
id attribute provides a document-wide unique identifier for an element. This
can be used by stylesheets to provide presentational properties, by browsers to
focus attention on the specific element or by scripts to alter the contents or
presentation of an element. The class attribute provides a way of classifying
similar elements for presentation purposes. For example, an HTML document (or a
set of documents) may use the designation class="notation" to
indicate that all elements with this class value are all subordinate to the
main text of the document (or documents). Such notation classes of elements
might be gathered together and presented as footnotes on a page, rather than
appearing in the place where they appear in the source HTML.
An
author may use the style non-attributal codes presentational properties to a
particular element. It is considered better practice to use an element’s son-
id page and select the element with a stylesheet, though sometimes this can be
too cumbersome for a simple ad hoc application of styled properties. The title
is used to attach subtextual explanation to an element. In most browsers this
title attribute is displayed as what is often referred to as a tooltip. The
generic inline span element can be used to demonstrate these various
non-attributes.
The
preceding displays as HTML (pointing the cursor at the abbreviation should
display the title text in most browsers).
Advantages
Ø A
HTML document is small and hence easy to send over the net. It is small because
it does not include formatted information.
Ø HTML
is platform independent.
Ø HTML
tags are not case-sensitive.
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