ABSTRACT
As
communities and industries continue to expand, delivering power becomes more
challenging– electricity grids reach capacity during peak periods, while
providing electricity off the grid becomes more expensive. In India the use of
electronic loads is increasing very fast and the gap between demand and the
supply have made the reliability and power quality a critical issue.
By
utilizing advanced Super
capacitors (also known as ultra capacitors) are DC energy sources and must be
interfaced to the electric grid with a static power conditioner, providing
60-Hz output. A super capacitor provides power during short duration
interruptions and voltage sags. By combining a super capacitor with a
battery-based uninterruptible power supply system, the life of the batteries
can be extended. The batteries provide power only during the longer
interruptions, reducing the cycling duty on the battery. Small super capacitors
are commercially available to extend battery life in electronic equipment, but
large super capacitors are still in development, but may soon become a viable
component of the energy storage field. The most significant advantage
super capacitors have over batteries is their ability to be charged and
discharged continuously without degrading like batteries do.
Super
capacitors merged with batteries (hybrid battery) will become the new super
battery. Just about everything that is now powered by batteries will be
improved by this much better energy supply. They can be made in most any
size, from postage stamp to hybrid car battery pack. Their light weight and low
cost make them attractive for most portable electronics and phones, as well as
aircraft and automobiles.
The
new ones are flexible and biodegradable and can be powered by body fluids.
(Since body fluids can act as an electrolyte, the battery can be used for
medical devices and could be installed into a patient fully charged but dry and
feed off bodily fluids to allow it to re-power and discharge energy.
Use of embedded
technology makes this system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (AT89S52)
allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the
system user-friendly to get the voltage. AT89S52 micro controller is the heart
of the circuit as it controls all the functions.
This
project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage
regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is
used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
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