The project
is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system. The
signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction.
Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world
and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these cities.
Conventional
traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of
the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings
allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The
proposed system using a microcontroller of 8051 family duly interfaced with
sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of
vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The
sensors used in this project are IR and photodiodes are in line of sight
configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The
density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium, high
based on which timings are allotted accordingly.
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