ABSTRACT
The project
is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system having
remote override facilities. During normal time the signal timing changes automatically
on sensing the traffic density at the junction but in the event of any
emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade etc requiring priority are built in with RF remote control to
override the set timing by providing instantaneous green signal in the desired
direction while blocking the other lanes by red signal for some time. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world thus it is
felt imperative to provide such facilities to important vehicles.
Conventional
traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of
the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings
allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The
proposed system using a microcontroller of 8051 family duly interfaced with
sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of
vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The
sensors used in this project are IR and photodiodes are in line of sight
configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The
density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium, high
based on which timings are allotted accordingly. The override feature is
activated by an on board RF transmitter operated from the emergency vehicle.
Further the
project can be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions in the city
by establishing a network among them. The network can be wired or wireless.
This synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic congestion
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