The main aim of this project is to develop an Automatic Street light
intensity control based on the vehicle movement. Currently thousands of street lights operate in
the cities and the yearly electricity maintenance cost is very high. The power
saving is the main consideration as the source of the power are getting reduced
due to various regions. This system is achieves an automatic control the street
lights and save the energy.
Mostly the lighting up of highways is done through High Intensity
Discharge lamps (HID) whose energy consumption is high. Its intensity cannot be
controlled according to the requirement so there is a need to switch on to an
alternative method of lighting system and that is by using LEDs. Here instead of HID lamp, in this project Light
Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are used to save the energy. LEDs have an advantage of lower power
consumption and also their intensity can be easily controlled.
The array of LEDs is used to form a street light. The microcontroller
contains programmable instructions which controls the intensity of lights based
on the PWM (Pulse width modulation) signals. The intensity of lights is kept
high during the peak hours and decreases slowly in the late nights in steps.
The LEDs consume less power and its life time is more as compared to the
conventional HID lamps. The most important and interesting feature is its
intensity can be controlled according to the requirement during non peak hours
which is not feasible in HID lamps.
Here a system is developed which ensures the glowing of the LEDs at the
peak hours and then the LEDs go dimmer and dimmer after certain time interval,
at night till they get completely switched off in the morning.
Block Diagram Explanation:
The automatic intensity
control of street light system can be used to control the intensity of lights
in 8 steps. This system consists of mainly two blocks which are controlling
block and power supply bock. The power supply constitutes the input and LEDs constitute
the output and are interfaced to the microcontroller. The regulated power supply block converts
unregulated AC into regulated DC with the help of rectifier ,regulator to drive
the circuit. The microcontroller
contains the programmable instructions which control the intensity of the light
based on PWM pulses. The MOSFET is acting as a switch. When the MOSFET is
triggered the LEDs gets the power supply and start glowing.
Block diagram
This low voltage AC is
then rectified and regulated to provide DC supply to drive the circuit.
The microcontroller
provides output pulses to drive the array of LEDs through the switches which
are the transistor and MOSFET in this case. When the microcontroller provides
low logic signal to the transistor, it is switched OFF and simultaneously the
MOSFET is triggered to conduction. The LEDs get the power supply and start
glowing. The duty cycle of the pulses given by the microcontroller is varied to
control the conduction of the transistor and hence the MOSFET. This ensures a
variation in the supply of DC power to the LEDs
And thus the intensity of
the LEDs is varied.
Output Video Explanation:
The automatic intensity
control system can control the intensity of lights. The array of LEDs is
connected in series parallel combination. The microcontroller gives the signals
and MOSFET is triggered. When the DC power is applied to the circuit, the LEDs
glow on. The microcontroller generates the PWM pulse which controls the
intensity of the lights. The intensity
of light is kept high for some time which indicates the peak hours and slowly
decreases after some time indicating dimming at late nights. After some time
the LEDs are completely switched off indicating the street lights are switched
off at the morning.
Conclusion:
The automatic intensity
control of street light system has been developed to control the intensity of
LED lights. The cities currently operate
thousands of street lights and the yearly electricity maintenance cost is very
high. In many cities it is intended to replace HID lamps with light emitting
diodes (LEDs) as the latter saves more energy and reduces the maintenance
cost. The main consideration in the
present fields and technologies are automation, power consumption
cost-effectiveness. The power saving is the main consideration forever as the
source of the power are getting reduced due to various regions. This system provides
the advantage of saving the power.
We want to save power
automatically instead of doing manually. So it’s easy to make cost
effectiveness. The saved power can be used in some other cases. We can design
intelligent system for the uses of streetlight in villages, towns etc. The LEDs have long life, emit
cool light, don’t have any toxic material and can be used for fast switching.
For these reasons our project presents far more advantages.
Future Scope:
The automatic intensity
control of street light system is used to control intensity of street lights according
to the requirement during non peak hours. The cable breaking is one of the
problems faced today. We could go for wireless power transmission which reduces
the maintenance costs and power thefts of the system. The approaching of
vehicles can be transmitted via wireless transmission and as per the data
received; the street lights can be controlled. This system can also be used to
measure the traffic density according to which we can control the traffic of
the road and can avoid traffic jam problems and also emergency vehicles like
ambulances and VIP convoys can be passed efficiently.
Advantages:
Ø Lower
operating cost and longer life
Ø Good
permanence in the cold
Ø High
sensitivity
Ø It
has accurate ON/OFF tuning time
Ø It
works according to the light intensity
Ø System
can be switched into manual mode whenever required
Ø It
is completely automatic
Ø Increase
the safety and reduce the accidents
Ø Construction
is simple with locally available components
Ø The
light intensity can be controlled
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