Abstract-Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different Sources: Solar,
Mains, Generator & Inverter to Ensure No Break Power
Synopsis
of the project:
The main
objective of this project is to provide uninterrupted power supply to a load,
by selecting the supply from any source out of 4 different sources such as
mains, generator, and inverter and solar automatically in the absence of any of
the source. As we know that the demand for electricity is increasing every day
and frequent power cuts is causing many problems in various areas like
industries, hospitals, offices and houses which are necessary to be prevented.
An alternative arrangement for power source must be used
This
project uses four switches to demonstrate the respective failure of that source
of supply. A microcontroller of 8051 family is used. The output of the microcontroller
is given to the relay driver IC, which switches appropriate relay to maintain
an uninterrupted supply to the load. When any of the switches is pressed it
shows the absence of that particular source. Switches are connected to
microcontroller as input signals. The output is observed using a lamp drawing
power supply from mains initially.
On failure
of the mains supply (which is actuated by pressing the appropriate switch) the
load gets supply from the next available source, say an inverter. If the
inverter also fails it switches over to the next available source and so on.
The current status, as to which source supplies to the load is also displayed
on an LCD. As it is not feasible to provide all 4 different sources of supply,
one source with alternate switches are provided to get the same function.
Block diagram:
Block diagram explanation:
The
block diagram of the auto supply to control from different sources are
consisting of power supply unit, control unit and output part. The power supply
unit consists of the step down transformer which attenuates the high voltage AC
to low voltage AC, the rectifier unit along with a filter which converts this
AC voltage to unregulated DC voltage signal. A regulator used produces a regulated DC voltage. Some parts
of the circuit like the microcontroller are given the unregulated DC power
whereas the other devices are given the regulated DC supply. The output from
the regulator is fed to the relay driver and the display part which is an LCD
which is interfaced to an 8051 microcontroller. This LCD consists of 16
characters per line by 2 lines through which the output will be displayed. The output unit consists of four different
sources connected to the driver and the LCD display interfaced to the microcontroller
which is loaded with the asm/C programming language. We have connected relay
driver for controlling the operation of the sources and a lamp is connected as
load. Here we are connecting push buttons as selection keys to the
microcontroller which press to create failure of the sources.
Hardware requirements:
·
8051 series Microcontroller
·
Relay Driver IC
·
Relays
·
LCD
·
Lamp
·
Push Buttons
·
|
Transformer
·
Diodes
·
Voltage Regulator
·
Crystal, LEDS
·
|
Capacitors and
Resistors.
Software requirements:
·
Keil compiler
·
Languages: Embedded C or Assembly
Circuit diagram explanation:
This project
uses an arrangement of 4 different sources of supply which are channelized to a
load so as to have an uninterrupted operation of the load. As it is not
practicable to get 4 sources of supply such as mains supply, generator supply,
inverter supply and solar supply, we used one source and a set of relays. We
have taken first source with mains supply and assumed as if being fed from 4
different sources by connecting all the 4 incoming sources in parallel. The ac
source to the lamp is connected to four relays by making the entire normally
open contacts parallel and all the common contacts in parallel. 4 push button switches are used which
represent failure of corresponding supply respectively and areinterfaced to the
controller. Initially we have given high
input signal to the microcontroller, so as a result the controller generates a low
output to activate thefirst relay driver which will result in the relay
being energized and the lamp glows. While
the push button for mains is pressed that represents failure of mains supply as
a result the supply is provided from the next source and the microcontroller
receive high input and generates low output to activate the second relay driver
which will result in the second relay being energized and the lamp glows . When
we press the generator button, it indicates the generator fails to operate and
the supply comes from the next source and the next source will supply high
input to the controller and which will provide low signal to the third relay
and the lamp switches ON and when we press the third push button the supply
will chose next source now the fourth source will provide input to the
microcontroller and controller activates the fourth relay and the load will get
the supply and the lamp continues to
glow.
When all the
relays are off leaving no supply to the lamp, the lamp is switched off. One 16
x 2 lines LCD is used to display the condition of the supply sources and the
load on real time basis.
Output explanation:
Let us see how it operates. In this project we
have used four relays which represent four different sources. When we provide
power supply the device switches ON, the lamp glows as it gets power supply
from the first source. When we press the first push button which indicates the
failure of main supply, then the lamp gets power supply from the second source
that is it gets supply from the generator. Now if the both of the first two
buttons are pressed the supply comes from the third source or the third relayis
on. Similarly when three push buttons are pressed together indicating failure
of all the three sources, the lamp gets supply from the 4th source
or the 4th relay driver. When all the sources fail to provide power
supply to the load, made by pressing all the buttons together,
the load will be switched off .
Conclusion:
The main scope of this project is to provide a continuous power supply to
the output load through any of the sources from which we are operating the
device, i.e. , generator, and inverter and solar automatically in the absence
of any of the source. The
complete operation of this project is based on the microcontroller. This project is a low-cost, reliable,
effective and efficient system. This project gave us confidence and practical
knowledge and makes us to learn about good things.
Future scope:
The project can be further
enhanced by using other sources like wind power also and then taking into
consideration for using the best possible power whose tariff remains lowest at
that moment.
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