SMART CARD BASED ACCESS
CONTROL SYSTEM.
ABSTRACT:
Access
Control System is designed for areas where need for security is crucial. It
protects human life, property and information and provides safe and comfortable
environment by limiting unnecessary access to essential areas such as office,
building, factory, R&D
Center
A smart card is a
plastic card about the size of a credit card, with an embedded microchip that
can be loaded with data, used for telephone calling, electronic cash payments,
and other applications, and then periodically refreshed for additional use.
Smart cards can
provide identification, authentication, data storage and application
processing. The benefits of smart cards are directly related to the volume of
information and applications that are programmed for use on a card. A single
contact/contactless smart card can be programed with multiple banking
credentials, medical entitlement, driver’s license/ public transport
entitlement, loyalty programs and club memberships to name just a few.
Multi-factor and proximity authentication can and has been embedded into smart
cards to increase the security of all services on the card. For example, a
smart card can be programed to only allow a contactless transaction if it is
also within range of another device like a uniquely paired mobile phone. This
can significantly increase the security of the smart card.
Governments gain a
significant enhancement to the provision of publicly funded services through
the increased security offered by smart cards. These savings are passed onto
society through a reduction in the necessary funding or enhanced public
services.
Communicates with external services via card-reading devices, such as ticket
readers, ATMs, etc.
Individuals gain increased security and
convenience when using smart cards designed for interoperability between
services. For example, consumers only need to replace one card if their wallet
is lost or stolen. Additionally, the data storage available on a card could
contain medical information that is critical in an emergency should the card
holder allow access to this.
A smart card contains more information than a
magnetic stripe card and it can be programmed for different applications. Some
cards can contain programming and data to support multiple applications and
some can be updated to add new applications after they are issued. Smart cards
can be designed to be inserted into a slot and read by a special reader or to
be read at a distance, such as at a toll booth. Cards can be disposable (as at
a trade-show) or reloadable (for most).
This project uses regulated
5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for relay. 7805 three
terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full
wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step
down transformer.
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